Improvement in breech-loading fire-arms



is hinged onto the butt-end of the barrel.

iinrrnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IMPROVEMENT IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS.

SpcrilimltimI 'Tunning 1mi-t nl' Leiters lnlrnl. No. 26,362, (intl-lllnrmnlu-x-(, 1#59.

To all whoml t may concern.:

Be it known that l, SAMUEL W. Binnen, of Washington city, in the'District of Columbia, have invented and made certain new-and uscfulImprovements in Broeck-Loading Fire- Arms; andl do hereby declare thatthe iol lowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of thisspecification. l

Figure 1 represents a rifle. Fig. 2 is partially a longitudinalsectional view of the rifle and stock with the hinged or jointed breech.thrown down or opened ont, as indicated by the dots. Fig. 3 representsa fragment of the barrel in section 1with the jointed or hinged breechand the breeeh-pin. Fig. 4 is a full-size representation of the hingedor jointed breech Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 represent in detail the partsofthe improvements hereinafter more fullyr to be explained.

The nature of my improvements:consists more especially in the pee'uliarconstruction of the breech-pin of a lire-arm designed to prevent anyescape of gaseous matter at the point of connection ofthe breech and thebuttend of the barrel.

In Fig. 3, a a a. a. D Z1 D c represent a sectional frag-mental part ofa barrel of a rifle Without the stock part attached. At d is indicatedthe head or jointed part of the breech, which e e is the lever part ofthe breech, and f the trigger. |This head part of the breech is formedwith a bore or cavity, g g, of suitable dimensions, into which is ttedtocorrespond an adjustable breech-pin, h h, the construction of which pinis as follows:

In Fig. 6 is represented a. cylindrical pin, h h, formed with a borehaving a thread cut therein, as at I, a shoulder formation, J J, and

an oblong dat place filed near the bntt-end, as indicated at E.

At Fig. 7 is indicated a sectional view of an expanding ring or collarlike formation of required size,l and shaped with an inside bevel orslope or conical bore, L, and an outside sloping or bevel circumference,L L, the sloping outer and inner circumferences converglng from one sideor edge of the'ring at the same an le and meeting together, forming asharp e ge, as at L L', of the diameter indicated at 1l.. This expandingring or collar has n rectilinear splitaround the circumferahnostsevering the ring into two equal parts, except a small amount o'l uncutmetal, as shown at 1 I, Fig. 5, thus forming an expanding slip-ringwhich, if opened ont, would presenttheelongatcd shape asin Fig. 13. Thisring or collar, Figs. '5, (5, 10, 11, l' term the female expanding ringor collar. In Fig. 8v is indicated a second er smaller noirexpandingring with straight bore M, iitted to correspend with the end J J ofthepin h h, and shaped with an outside-conical or sloping cireuniferenee,M2 Mi', the full size or greatest diameter indicated at 12', andconforming to the inner sloping circumference of the expanding femalering, Fig. 7.

At o, Fig. 9, is represented a screw with suitable flat head and beveledge.

The four specified parts being formed as required, the male ring isinserted into the conical bore L of the female expanding ring 7, thusforming a compound collar or ring, which is fitted over the hollow end JJ of the breechpin 7a la., when the screw O, Fig. 9, is screwed into theend L of the pin, thus forming a compound expanding detachable-headedbreechpin, as shown ath h, inserted in the cavity of the jointedlever-breech, Fig. 4. This pin is prevented fromialling out of thecavity by .the holding-screwr h', extending down into the oradjustabilityin the cavity of the jointed "lever-breech.

The jointed breech d is attached to the buttvend or breech of the barrelof the gun, as in Figs. 2, 8. The end of the bore of the barrel isbeveled to correspond in shape with the head L of the pin It h.

In the use of my improvements the hinged or jointed lever-breech isopened or turned down, as indicated at the dots I 1?, Fig. 2. Thecartridge is inserted in the opening or 'cavity formed at the end of thebarrel by the turning down of the lever-breecl1. The cartridge or chargethus being deposited in the cavity, the lever-breech d e e is thrownback in' which the head of the pin h h forces the car tridge or chargeinto the bore of the barrel at c, Fig. 3, when the charge may beexploded.

ence entirely through the thickness of metal, x

niche K, "admitting at the same time of play position asy indicated inFig. 3, in the act of 'lhe :niv-.uitingen which l' elnim for my iinlhment ilcxihility oiteinpcr, in which ense the lnoveinents :ure nsfollows: 'Hy constructing nn :nl jnslnhle breech-pin with. n. screw-likeconnection part, 0, liig. 9, con'iliined with. ny

letnchnble liezidfconi'ieetion or nulle ring, 1 ig. H, und :in expensivendjnslnhle lernnle `ringer eollm, Ihigs. F3, 7, the i'enmle ring isrunde more or .less zu'ljnstnhlc to the bore ci the, hnrrc1 thro n ghthe ngency cf the tightening-Screw 0, Fig. i). 'Ihns should the feinnleexpensive ring lese any o: its temper sind become 4loss. ilexiblc, ztndthereby not llt closely to the here of thobzirrel, nml not of itselfperform the desired ollicc, the tighi'lci'iiiig-serew 0, Fig. E), undwedging head or mele ring, Fig. S, press or wedge np ngfiinst the innercircumference of the {ini-lele ring or collar, :1nd thus expend thecircumference thereof' outward, making the col'incctio'n nir-tight.Again, too, l dispense with a. second split expm'iding ring, and insteadInn-ke one ring perform the oilicc that heretofore lies required two ormore expanding rings. In a. patent granted to B. F. Joslyn, J'nly1,1856, a. solid conc-shaped piu is employed with two split rings placedone against the other, instead of one within the other, end consequentlythe rings must neecssarily of themselves be formed to fit as tight aspossible to the inside of the breech part of the barrel. Then, again,the disadvantage in using two or more split or expanding rings, as inJoslyns patent, is that there is great liability of the rings notpossessing the sanne 1'11- pci'l'eut closing ol' the (anvil/ y oiciminber in rem: of the lmrrel surrounding the rings could not heln'olight about. .'loslyns rings ns they nre npplied relative to euchother do not possess in tl i ei nscl ves :in y ne e o1 n 'ln oil nti i ig ndj nst nhility, :ind it is with g1-cnt dillicnlty the two rings cnnhe tei'npered so as to :ict lwith n. nniforni siinnltnneonsilexiliility, expensive find.

eoiitrectile. None oi' snch objections und iinperievticns ol cpcmticnpertnin to my ecmponnd expzniding detachable-heeded breechpln.

lflnving described the nnture, construction, sind opcrntion of myimprovements, and heving shown the diiil'crence between 1-3. F. Joslynssolid-hesided doubler-ing breech-pin z iind.`

shown complete et h h L O, Fig. 4, subst-n1.

tially as described and set forth.

SAMUEL W. MARSH. IYiitnessesz J. OARBERY LAY, I. A. MAT'rrNGLY.

